BREEDING FARM POULTRY FULL

The selection applied by man with records and by adopting different methods is artificial selection. In case of random mating nature itself selects individuals for mating in flocks or population by preferential mating. It is necessary to maintain or increase variation in population and one of the important force for geneticimprovement. In other words differential rate of repro-duction is also called as selection. The choice of allowing individuals to become parents for next generation is selection. On an average one male for 15 to 16 females for replacement pullets and one male for 10 to 12 females for broiler breeders is optimum for good fertility, depending on light or heavy breeds.

The most important management point for it is sex ratio formating. The fertility in poultry to large extent depends on genetics and selection of bird as an inherent character, but it is equally affected by better management than inheritance. For example, inspite of high hatchability genes, poor hatching can be obtained due to faulty incubation conditions or low egg production can be noted in highly genetic potential birds because of imbalanced diet and poor housing conditions.

BREEDING FARM POULTRY FULL

The hatchability, fertility, viability (liveability), resistance to disease, egg production, flesh production are the characters of economic and fundamental importance, where environment frequently plays its role for full exploitation of these characters. The exploitation of genetic variation is rather slow because several genes are involved in expression of each character in addition to which environment, hormones, and management conditions are also responsible for producing response. The basic unit of inheritance is gene and not the character.Īs already stated earlier variation in any flock is not only due to genetic component but environment component is also responsible for it. The expression of character is due to one or moregenes. The number of gametes produced are abundant resulting into enormous hereditary combinations. The chicken has total 39 pairs of chromosomes and each carries many genes, some probably 100 also. A sample half of inheritance of each parent and sample half of environment isreceived by each offspring. This is because each parent transmits one gene or pair of genes to its offsprings and variability depends on the heterozygosity of number of gene pairs ofparents. Each individual differs from another due to the genetic variation.

Breeding farm poultry